Victims & Witnesses

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Victims and witnesses are key to almost any case. Preventing intimidation, affirming protection, and maintaining cooperation are all challenges that prosecutors may face. We look at tactics for effectively working with victims and witnesses in these resources. 

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    Victims, Witnesses, and Defendants with Mental Illness or Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

    Authors: Arc, NAMI, PCE

    Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) or mental illness are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, as victims, witnesses, suspects, and defendants. In an effort to inform prosecutors’ strategies when working with these individuals, PCE, in collaboration with the Arc and NAMI, has developed this guide.

    The guide includes the following information:

    • An overview of I/DD and mental illness and the legal obligations involved when interacting with people with I/ DD or mental illness
    • Practical approaches for prosecutors to more effectively work with these populations, as victims, witnesses, or defendants
    • Examples of programs that prosecutors have either created or participated in that address the involvement of persons with I/DD or mental illness in the criminal justice system
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    Witness Intimidation: What You Can Do To Protect Your Witness

    Witness intimidation and witness tampering can occur in any case, from simple misdemeanors to homicides. It has a variety of consequences from the silencing of an entire community, to the murder of a witness, to the recantation of truthful testimony. Though witness intimidation is an insidious problem, there are strategies throughout the investigation and prosecution of a case that can help to keep a witness safe and reduce the impact of intimidation.

    Authors: PCE


Additional PCE Resources

Prosecutors

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The modern prosecutor is very different than the prosecutor of years’ past. Staffing, resources, and communities have all changed. How does a prosecutor keep up? Review our resources to find solutions for your office.

  • Prosecutorial Workload – The Hidden Crisis in Criminal Justice

    Authors: Elaine Borakove, Kristine Hamann, Antonia Merzon

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    Prosecutors and the Press – Ethical and Practical Guidance

    Authors: PCE and KC Steckelberg (Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan)

    Read about strategies for working with the press including, ethical rules and guidelines, developing a communications strategy and special considerations for various aspects of a case.


PCE Videos

The Role of the Modern Prosecutor


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Data & Technology

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Technology is constantly changing and prosecution must change with it. From actual evidence to the data that determines crime trends, keeping up with the latest in tech can be overwhelming. Our resources dive into the expansive field with a focus on emerging technology as it relates to evidence and how data can shape the work of a prosecutor. 

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    Investigative Uses of video doorbells:  A Guide for Prosecutors

    Author: PCE

    A new form of evidence can now be found at millions of households across the country. The video doorbell, a device providing a live stream from the front door directly to a person’s phone, has already been used as evidence in countless cases. See how it can be used, the challenges of using a device, and more in our guide for prosecutors: 

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    Technology and Prosecution – The Evolving Courtroom

    Author: PCE

    Advances in technology are quickly changing the longstanding practices of traditional courtrooms. With this evolution, prosecutors must weigh the opportunities these advancements create against the legal and ethical duties of criminal litigation, as well as the practical considerations about the quality and reliability of any emerging technology. From remote appearance technology to artificial intelligence to data analytics, we explore the role of technology in the modern courtroom in our recent publication:


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Ethics

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At the heart of our profession is a commitment to ethical behavior. With changes in the criminal justice system and, on a larger scale, our society, we’re faced with ethical challenges regularly.

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    50 State Chart of Cybersecurity Duties for Attorneys- Rules of Professional Responsibility, Ethics Opinions, CLE Requirements and State Statutes

    Author: PCE

    This publication provides a list of rules of professional conduct, ethics opinions, CLE requirements, and state statutes relevant to attorneys’ cybersecurity obligations. 

  • Press_Cover

    Prosecutors and the Press – Ethical and Practical Guidance

    Authors: PCE and KC Steckelberg (Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan)

    Read about strategies for working with the press including, ethical rules and guidelines, developing a communications strategy and special considerations for various aspects of a case.


PCE Videos


Additional PCE Resources

Community Engagement

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PCE has created materials on community trust, community involvement, implicit bias, and more. Watch videos from seasoned prosecutors, read our publications, and explore topics that can help your office gain trust in the community

  • The Future of Prosecutor Community Outreach: Youth Programs

    Authors: PCE, PCE’s National Best Practices Committee (NBP)

    Beyond their traditional role in the criminal justice process, many prosecutor offices provide outreach programs to raise awareness in the community about public safety issues and resources, to create stronger community partnerships, and to improve the lives of the people they serve. This paper features prosecutor initiatives that go the extra step to support local youth in various ways, most of which are not associated with a criminal case.


PCE Videos

Keeping Kids Safe – Prosecutor Programs That Benefit Children

Community Advisory Boards


Additional PCE Resources

Forensic Triage: A Guide for Prosecutors

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Authors: PCE, NRTAC

As the demand for forensic evidence has exploded, so has the pressure on crime laboratories to keep pace with an ever-growing workload. This paper, developed by PCE’s Executive Director Kristine Hamann and St. Louis Circuit Attorney’s Office Chief of Trials Rachel Smith, addresses the critical question of how best to maximize the resources of a public forensic laboratory. This question is explored in three different parts, each with an emphasis on the prosecutor’s perspective:

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Truancy-Reduction Programs

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The Problem:  According to a 2019 article from the Department of Education, over seven million (or one in six students) missed 15 or more days of school in the 2015-2016 school year. The highest rates of absenteeism occurred at the high school level, where chronically absent students also represent those most likely to drop out. Dropping out of high school has been linked to poor outcomes in adulthood, from poverty and diminished health to involvement in the criminal justice system.

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Facial Recognition Technology: Where Will It Take Us?

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Author(s): Kristine Hamann and Rachel Smith

Technology is expanding, evolving, and improving at an explosive rate. Society, including law enforcement, is struggling to keep pace with these seemingly daily developments. This paper addresses facial recognition technology used by law enforcement to enhance surveillance capabilities and the associated legal issues it raises.

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Victim Services and Crisis Training Volunteer Programs

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The Pima County Attorney’s Office in Arizona has established a volunteer program for members of the community interested in assisting crime victims and people in crisis. The vetting and training process for victim advocate volunteers is very thorough to ensure high quality candidates are selected and are committed to long-term volunteer service.  The Victim Services Division currently has close to 100 volunteers, some of whom have served for decades.

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